"Music From the Galaxies""Brevard Community College Space & Astronomy Lecture Series"
"Astronomy in Paintings, Frescos, and Engravings" I've developed an original and innovative method to teach astronomy using stellar symbolism present in painting, frescos and engraving of major artist around the globe and throughout history. This method has been summarized in a proposal and PowerPoint presentation I call "Astronomy in Paintings, Frescos, and Engravings: How Art Has Been Used Throughout the Ages to Explore and Understand the Physical World". Celestial symbolism and stellar references like stars, comets, galaxies etc. are found in the art of every civilization. It is starting from arts that I approach and explore the astronomy phenomenas.
"4 E's - Educate, Enlighten, Entertain and Enthrall" My teaching and educational philosophy is described by what I call the 4 E's - Educate, Enlighten, Entertain and Enthrall. The biggest challenge for an educator is to engage the students, to capture their attention by individualizing and customizing the learning process and to provide them with tools that they can use in their everyday lives. Today's students are used to fast-moving environments like the internet, video games, and television and I try to elevate my lessons to an energetic, focused, and contemporary style that will engage the students' interests and spark their thirst for knowledge. So, perhaps in doing the 4 E's, there is actually a fifth "E": Empower. Education empowers us. It is the most powerful springboard to greater understanding, to access and to effectiveness in the world.
"Sounds of the Universe: Acoustic Astronomy" To stimulate intellectual curiosity and individual thinking I have designed "Sounds of the Universe: Acoustic Astronomy". This entertaining, informative learning module includes sounds from radio galaxies, pulsars, the Sun, Saturn, Earth, big bang, quasars and an x-ray black hole. Learn what sounds can tell us about the Universe, hear the instrumental harmonies created with the help of celestial bodies; recognize celestial objects thru its acoustic cosmic signature.
"Invisible Universe" learning module to explore celestial objects from stars, galaxies, planets, globular star clusters etc. in multi-wavelengths and via the use of poetry by famous poets, music and animations.
"Music From the Galaxies"
Every day that our sun shines upon us, it is offering a wonderfully close view of a star, but we can barely stand the sight of it. Yet at night, from our tiny perch in the Milky Way, we can gaze and marvel at billions of stars. It is not a star that impresses us, it is the expansive darkness--it is what we don't see that can matter most.
We think of the universe as a cold and silent place, but it calls to us everyday in a voice that seems to be without timbre, and so deeply silent that we cannot hear its song. Yet the voice of the universe is around us every day, in an everlasting cosmic embrace. The universe throbs with cosmic dust, and beats with atoms and molecules. It is everlasting, but fleeting.
The cosmic radiation are precious data that are impossible to repeat. They comes from the past and soars by us to a distant future. These traces of the primordial universe are received as waves, vibration. Radio waves. like gamma, X-rays and others are not a part of the visible universe, their domain is the radio universe. Seeing without sight.
Optical astronomy started when man first looked up at the sky. Since ancient times we have investigated life and science visually, with drawings, charts, and pictures of every kind. Now we measure position, brightness, and we take photos of the night sky. When we receive electromagnetic emission from celestial objects, we create graphs and maps. Man "sees" and "watches" science, "observing" the universe. We have always demanded an image.
But, not very long ago, in about 1933, faint radio noises were found coming from the center of our galaxy. This science grew up and was called radio astronomy. Today we detect cosmic radio waves from many unusual celestial objects such as pulsars, quasars and the "so called" radio-galaxies.
The radiation that washes over us every second speaks of catastrophic phenomena in turbulent galaxies far away in both space and time, perhaps reaching back to the first instant of universal life. We are poor explorers if we do not consider listening to the pulsation of the cosmos. Through Acoustic Astronomy we can marry the knowledge of the visible universe with the sonorous universe to form a greater whole.
Do we receive a musical signal from the stars? Not exactly. Every celestial object emits radiation based upon its unique nature. If these signals are elaborated into sound rather than graphs, every star in the sonorous universe can be recognized based upon its special sound.
The Procedure
As part of my doctoral research in Physics, working at the University of California, San Diego, Center for Music Experiment, and at the University of Milan, I developed a way to transform galactic radiation into sound, using a computer music system. The basic process is to shift the very high frequency vibrations down to the human hearing range, to create for the first time a Sonorous Universe.
"Acoustic Astronomy" is the first experiment that allows us to transform radiation from deep space into something that we recognize as sound. It started by observing the close analogy between galactic radiation and musical notes -- both of which are decoded by intensity and frequency (or wavelength).
The intensity represents how strong the signal is. A sound, for example grows louder with greater intensity, and softens with less intensity. Radiation waves striking Earth also occur in varying degrees of intensity.
Frequency represents the cycles per second, or in simple terms, how many times the radiation goes back and forth in one second. This is measured in Hertz. One cycle-per-second equals 1 Hertz, 100 cycles equaling 100 Hertz and so on. In music, our familiar "A", that we tune all instrument to, vibrates at 440 Hertz. The human voice ranges from 27 to 4,186 hertz. The voices of the galaxy, however, are incredibly high. They range from one billion to one-thousand- billion of Hertz. To have galactic radiation fall into the human hearing range, a mathematical reduction of the high frequency waves is required.
The first experimental "subject" was a galaxy invisible to our eyes that hides in the darkness, far away into the direction of Coma Berenices, between Virgo and Leo, under the handle of the Big Dipper. Galaxies we cannot see rarely earn beautiful names, and this one is known simply as radio galaxy UGC 6697. After it had traveled 180 million light years, the radiation from UGC 6697 was collected in huge radio and optical telescopes by staffs of researchers and astrophysicists. These radiation were turned into a radio photograph of the galaxy, forming an image. I decided to try to play them - to represent the same data in the acoustic domain.
The natural radio waves from stars and galaxies are produced by the chaotic motion of high energy electrons: countless "particle collisions and accelerations" not synchronized with each other.
Every kind of celestial radiation can be represented as a stream of numbers. To convert the radiations' frequency and intensity to audible form, I needed a special computer sound synthesis program called "cmusic", which I used to elaborated the signal in terms of sound.
After a variety of processing, this signal can be sent to a digital-to-analog converter and played through conventional loudspeakers, or recorded onto digital tape or CD, to bring you the sound of UGC 6697 from 180 million light years away.
Scientific Considerations
This new possibility for investigating the cosmos, which I call Acoustic astronomy, allows astronomical data to be represented using computer music procedures. These techniques are able to transform every kind of radiation coming from celestial objects into sound.
My aim is to develop an alternative way to represent celestial radiation based on sound, to use in addition to other techniques. In this way, an observed emission from a celestial object, besides having a graphical representation, can also have an audible one.
The celestial sound could reflect physical and chemical properties of the information source and may bring to light information that might exist but which is not easily observed by other means.
Musical Considerations
The global sound of UGC 6697 is made by low and dark frequencies looping for all the duration of the sound. Upon this background, high and light frequencies appear, simulating a circular sound dynamic. The sound is very complex and is not regular.
There are some interesting musical aspects to the galactic sounds. Some parts seem to be well tuned around B flat or D minor. We can observe new accords and harmonies, linked together following their special sidereal rules.
The predominant microtonality of the galaxy is another fascinating aspect that could be explored during research, by creating new scales. In fact, the galaxy itself can be used as a musical instrument if it is broken into fragments, or it can be associated with classical instruments to perform an orchestral style of song.
These galactic sounds originated 180 million years ago, before humanity even existed. Yet when we hear them, they can have a powerful impact on our minds. The galactic sounds can be relaxing and ethereal, but they also have the potential to provoke deep sensations, sometimes effecting us even when we do not consciously hear them.
We think of the universe as a cold and silent place, but it calls to us everyday in a voice that seems to be without timbre, and so deeply silent that we cannot hear its song. Yet the voice of the universe is around us every day, in an everlasting cosmic embrace. The universe throbs with cosmic dust, and beats with atoms and molecules. It is everlasting, but fleeting.
The cosmic radiation are precious data that are impossible to repeat. They comes from the past and soars by us to a distant future. These traces of the primordial universe are received as waves, vibration. Radio waves. like gamma, X-rays and others are not a part of the visible universe, their domain is the radio universe. Seeing without sight.
Optical astronomy started when man first looked up at the sky. Since ancient times we have investigated life and science visually, with drawings, charts, and pictures of every kind. Now we measure position, brightness, and we take photos of the night sky. When we receive electromagnetic emission from celestial objects, we create graphs and maps. Man "sees" and "watches" science, "observing" the universe. We have always demanded an image.
But, not very long ago, in about 1933, faint radio noises were found coming from the center of our galaxy. This science grew up and was called radio astronomy. Today we detect cosmic radio waves from many unusual celestial objects such as pulsars, quasars and the "so called" radio-galaxies.
The radiation that washes over us every second speaks of catastrophic phenomena in turbulent galaxies far away in both space and time, perhaps reaching back to the first instant of universal life. We are poor explorers if we do not consider listening to the pulsation of the cosmos. Through Acoustic Astronomy we can marry the knowledge of the visible universe with the sonorous universe to form a greater whole.
Do we receive a musical signal from the stars? Not exactly. Every celestial object emits radiation based upon its unique nature. If these signals are elaborated into sound rather than graphs, every star in the sonorous universe can be recognized based upon its special sound.
The Procedure
As part of my doctoral research in Physics, working at the University of California, San Diego, Center for Music Experiment, and at the University of Milan, I developed a way to transform galactic radiation into sound, using a computer music system. The basic process is to shift the very high frequency vibrations down to the human hearing range, to create for the first time a Sonorous Universe.
"Acoustic Astronomy" is the first experiment that allows us to transform radiation from deep space into something that we recognize as sound. It started by observing the close analogy between galactic radiation and musical notes -- both of which are decoded by intensity and frequency (or wavelength).
The intensity represents how strong the signal is. A sound, for example grows louder with greater intensity, and softens with less intensity. Radiation waves striking Earth also occur in varying degrees of intensity.
Frequency represents the cycles per second, or in simple terms, how many times the radiation goes back and forth in one second. This is measured in Hertz. One cycle-per-second equals 1 Hertz, 100 cycles equaling 100 Hertz and so on. In music, our familiar "A", that we tune all instrument to, vibrates at 440 Hertz. The human voice ranges from 27 to 4,186 hertz. The voices of the galaxy, however, are incredibly high. They range from one billion to one-thousand- billion of Hertz. To have galactic radiation fall into the human hearing range, a mathematical reduction of the high frequency waves is required.
The first experimental "subject" was a galaxy invisible to our eyes that hides in the darkness, far away into the direction of Coma Berenices, between Virgo and Leo, under the handle of the Big Dipper. Galaxies we cannot see rarely earn beautiful names, and this one is known simply as radio galaxy UGC 6697. After it had traveled 180 million light years, the radiation from UGC 6697 was collected in huge radio and optical telescopes by staffs of researchers and astrophysicists. These radiation were turned into a radio photograph of the galaxy, forming an image. I decided to try to play them - to represent the same data in the acoustic domain.
The natural radio waves from stars and galaxies are produced by the chaotic motion of high energy electrons: countless "particle collisions and accelerations" not synchronized with each other.
Every kind of celestial radiation can be represented as a stream of numbers. To convert the radiations' frequency and intensity to audible form, I needed a special computer sound synthesis program called "cmusic", which I used to elaborated the signal in terms of sound.
After a variety of processing, this signal can be sent to a digital-to-analog converter and played through conventional loudspeakers, or recorded onto digital tape or CD, to bring you the sound of UGC 6697 from 180 million light years away.
Scientific Considerations
This new possibility for investigating the cosmos, which I call Acoustic astronomy, allows astronomical data to be represented using computer music procedures. These techniques are able to transform every kind of radiation coming from celestial objects into sound.
My aim is to develop an alternative way to represent celestial radiation based on sound, to use in addition to other techniques. In this way, an observed emission from a celestial object, besides having a graphical representation, can also have an audible one.
The celestial sound could reflect physical and chemical properties of the information source and may bring to light information that might exist but which is not easily observed by other means.
Musical Considerations
The global sound of UGC 6697 is made by low and dark frequencies looping for all the duration of the sound. Upon this background, high and light frequencies appear, simulating a circular sound dynamic. The sound is very complex and is not regular.
There are some interesting musical aspects to the galactic sounds. Some parts seem to be well tuned around B flat or D minor. We can observe new accords and harmonies, linked together following their special sidereal rules.
The predominant microtonality of the galaxy is another fascinating aspect that could be explored during research, by creating new scales. In fact, the galaxy itself can be used as a musical instrument if it is broken into fragments, or it can be associated with classical instruments to perform an orchestral style of song.
These galactic sounds originated 180 million years ago, before humanity even existed. Yet when we hear them, they can have a powerful impact on our minds. The galactic sounds can be relaxing and ethereal, but they also have the potential to provoke deep sensations, sometimes effecting us even when we do not consciously hear them.